संशोधनसंशमनीयाध्यायः
अथातः संशोधनसंशमनीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||
यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||
"Now, we shall explain the chapter on Shodhana (purification) and Shamana (palliative) therapies."
"As spoken by the revered Lord Dhanvantari."
This marks the beginning of a new chapter that delves into the therapeutic methods of purification and palliation, providing insights into treatments and practices as guided by the esteemed deity of Ayurveda, Lord Dhanvantari.
मदनकुटजजीमूतकेक्ष्वाकुधामार्गवकृतवेधनसर्षपविडङ्गपिप्पलीकरञ्जप्रपुन्नाड कोविदारकर्बुदारारिष्टाश्वगन्धाविदुलबन्धुजीवकश्वेताशणपुष्पीबिम्बीवचामृगेर्वारवश्चित्रा चेत्यूर्ध्वभागहराणि |
तत्र, कोविदारपूर्वाणां फलानि, कोविदारादीनां मूलानि ||३||
"The group comprises Madana, Kutaja, Jimutaka, Ikshvaku, Dhamaargava, Kritavedhana, Sarshapa, Vidanga, Pippali, Karanja, Prapunnada, Kovidara, Karbudara, Arishta, Ashwagandha, Vidula, Bandhujiva, Shveta, Shana, Pushpi, Bimbi, Vacha, Mrigervara, Varavara, and Chitra—these are known as the Urdhvabhagahara (those that act on the upper body).
Among them, the fruits of Kovidara and the roots of Kovidara and other mentioned plants are used."
This Shloka introduces a medicinal group known as Urdhvabhagahara, highlighting their therapeutic use, particularly in using the fruits of Kovidara and the roots of Kovidara and other mentioned plants for treatment.
विवृताश्यामादन्तीद्रवन्तीसप्तलाशङ्खिनीविषाणिकागवाक्षीच्छगलान्त्रीस्नुक्सु वर्णक्षीरीचित्रककिणिहीकुशकाशतिल्वककम्पिल्लकरम्यकपाटलापूगहरीतक्या मलकबिभीतकनीलिनीचतुरङ्गुलैरण्डपूतीकमहावृक्षसप्तच्छदार्का ज्योतिष्मती चेत्यधोभागहराणि |
तत्र तिल्वकपूर्वाणां मूलानि , तिल्वकादीनां पाटलान्तानां त्वचः, कम्पिल्लकफलरजः, पूगादीनामेरण्डान्तानां फलानि, पूतीकारग्वधयोः पत्राणि, शेषाणां क्षीराणीति ||४||
"The group comprises Vivruta, Shyama, Danti, Dravanti, Saptala, Shankhini, Vishanika, Gavakshi, Chhagalantri, Snuk, Suvarnakshiri, Chitraka, Kinahika, Kusha, Kashatilvaka, Kampillaka, Ramyaka, Patala, Puga, Haritaki, Amalaki, Bibhitaka, Nilini, Chaturangula, Eranda, Pootika, Mahavriksha, Saptacchada, Arka, and Jyotishmati—these are known as the Adhobhaagahara (those that act on the lower body).
Among them, the roots of Tilvaka and others up to Patala are used; the bark of Tilvaka and others up to Patala, the fruit powder of Kampillaka, the fruits of Puga up to Eranda, the leaves of Pootika and Aragvadha, and the milky sap of the others."
This Shloka introduces a medicinal group known as Adhobhaagahara, highlighting their therapeutic use, particularly in using different parts of the mentioned plants for treatment.
कोशातकी सप्तला शङ्खिनी देवदाली कारवेल्लिका चेत्युभयतोभागहराणि |
एषां स्वरसा इति ||५||
"The group comprises Koshataki, Saptala, Shankhini, Devadali, and Karavellika—these are known as the Ubhayata-Bhagahara (those that act on both parts of the body).
The fresh juices of these plants are used."
This Shloka introduces a medicinal group known as Ubhayata-Bhagahara, highlighting their therapeutic use, particularly in utilizing the fresh juices of these plants for treatment
पिप्पलीविडङ्गापामार्गशिग्रुसिद्धार्थकशिरीषमरिचकरवीरबिम्बीगिरिकर्णिकाकिणिहीवचाज्योतिष्मती- करञ्जार्कालर्कलशुनातिविषाशृङ्गवेरतालीशतमालसुरसार्जकेङ्गुदीमेषशृङ्गीमातुलुङ्गीमुरङ्गीपीलु- जातीशालतालमधूकलाक्षाहिङ्गुलवणमद्यगोशकृद्रसमूत्राणीति शिरोविरेचनानि |
तत्र करवीरपूर्वाणां फलानि, करवीरादीनामर्कान्तानां मूलानि, तालीशपूर्वाणां कन्दाः, तालीशादीनामर्जकान्तानां पत्राणि, इङ्गुदीमेषशृङ्ग्योस्त्वचः, मातुलुङ्गीमुरङ्गीपीलुजातीनां पुष्पाणि, शालतालमधूकानां साराः, हिङ्गुलाक्षे निर्यासौ, लवणानि पार्थिवविशेषाः; मद्यान्यासुतसंयोगाः, शकृद्रसमूत्रे मलाविति ||६||
"The group comprises Pippali (Long pepper), Vidanga (False black pepper), Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera), Shigru (Moringa oleifera), Siddhartha (White mustard), Shireesha (Albizia lebbeck), Maricha (Black pepper), Karaveera (Oleander), Bimbi, Girikarnika, Kinahika, Vacha (Acorus calamus), Jyotishmati, Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), Arka (Calotropis gigantea), Lark (Nerium), Lashuna (Garlic), Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum), Shringavera (Ginger), Talisha (Abies webbiana), Tamala (Cinnamomum tamala), Surasa (Holy basil), Arjaka, Ingudi (Vitex negundo), Meshashringi, Matulungi (Citrus medica), Murangi (Drumstick), Pilu (Salvadora persica), Jati (Jasmine), Shala, Tala (Borassus flabellifer), Madhuka (Madhuca longifolia), Laksha (Lac), Hingula (Cinnabar), Lavana (Salt), Madya (Wine), Go-shakrit (Cow dung), Rasam (Mercury), and Mutra (Urine)—these are known as Shirovirechana (medicines for nasal administration).
Among them, the fruits of Karaveera and others up to Arka are used; the roots of Karaveera and others up to Arka, the tubers of Talisha, the leaves of Talisha and others up to Arjaka, the bark of Ingudi and Meshashringi, the flowers of Matulungi, Murangi, Pilu, and Jati, the heartwood of Shala and Tala, the exudate of Hingula and Laksha, various types of salt; in combination with wine, the excreta and urine are considered the active ingredients."
This Shloka introduces the medicinal group known as Shirovirechana, highlighting their therapeutic use, particularly in utilizing different parts of the mentioned plants for nasal administration treatments.
संशमनान्यत ऊर्ध्वं वक्ष्यामः- तत्र भद्रदारुकुष्ठहरिद्रावरुणमेषशृङ्गीबलातिबलार्तगलकच्छुराशल्लकीकुबेराक्षीवीरतरुसहचराग्निमन्थ- वत्सादन्येरण्डाश्मभेदकालर्कार्कशतावरीपुनर्नवावसुकवशिरकाञ्चनकभार्गीकार्पासीवृश्चिकालीपत्तूरबदरयवकोलकुलत्थप्रभृतीनि विदारिगन्धादिश्च द्वे चाद्ये पञ्चमूल्यौ समासेन वातसंशमनो वर्गः ||७||
"Now we shall discuss the palliative therapies—Shamana. Among them, Bhadradaru, Kushta, Haridra, Varuna, Meshashringi, Bala, Atibala, Artagala, Kachchura, Shallaki, Kubera-akshi, Veerataru, Sahachara, Agnimantha, Vatsadani, Eranda, Ashmabheda, Kalaraka, Arka, Shatavari, Punarnava, Vasuka, Vashirika, Kanchanaka, Bhargi, Karpasi, Vrishchikali, Pattura, Badara, Yava, Kola, Kulattha, and others, including Vidari, constitute the two primary groups known as Panchamula.
Summarizing, this group primarily acts as a Vata-pacifying category."
This Shloka introduces various herbs and their combinations, specifically highlighting their role in palliative therapies, with a focus on alleviating Vata dosha.
चन्दनकुचन्दनह्रीबेरोशीरमञ्जिष्ठापयस्याविदारीशतावरीगुन्द्राशैवलकह्लारकुमुदोत्पलकन्द(द)लीदूर्वामूर्वाप्रभृतीनि काकोल्यादिः सारिवादिरञ्जनादिरुत्पलादिर्न्यग्रोधादिस्तृणपञ्चमूलमिति समासेन पित्तसंशमनो वर्गः ||८||
"The group comprises Chandan (Sandalwood), Kuchandan, Hribera, Ushira (Vetiver), Manjishta (Rubia cordifolia), Payasya, Vidari, Shatavari, Gundra, Shaivala (Moss), Kahlara (Lotus), Kumud, Utpal, Kanda (Bulb), Dali, Durva (Cynodon dactylon), and Murva, among others. These are known as the Kakoli and other groups, including Sariva, Ranjan, and Utpal.
In summary, this group primarily acts as a Pitta-pacifying category."
This Shloka introduces various herbs and their combinations, specifically highlighting their role in palliative therapies, with a focus on alleviating Pitta dosha.
कालेयकागुरुतिलपर्णीकुष्ठहरिद्राशीतशिवशतपुष्पासरलारास्नाप्रकीर्योदकीर्येङ्गुदीसुमना- काकादनीलाङ्गलकीहस्तिकर्णमुञ्जातकलामज्जकप्रभृतीनि वल्लीकण्टकपञ्चमूल्यौ पिप्पल्यादिर्बृहत्यादिर्मुष्ककादिर्वचादिः सुरसादिरारग्वधादिरिति समासेन श्लेष्मसंशमनो वर्गः ||९||
"The group comprises Kaleyaka, Aguru, Tilaparni, Kushta, Haridra (Turmeric), Sheetashiva, Shatapushpa, Sarala, Rasna, Prakirya, Udakiriya, Ingudi, Sumana, Kakadani, Langalaki, Hastikarna, Munjata, Kalaraja, Majjak, and others, known as Valli, Kantaka, Panchamula, Pippali group, Brihati group, Mushkaka group, Vacha group, Surasa group, Aragvadha group.
In summary, this group primarily acts as a Kapha-pacifying category."
This Shloka introduces various herbs and their combinations, specifically highlighting their role in palliative therapies, with a focus on alleviating Kapha dosha.
तत्र सर्वाण्येवौषधानि व्याध्यग्निपुरुषबलान्यभिसमीक्ष्य विदध्यात् |
तत्र, व्याधिबलादधिकमौषधमुपयुक्तं तमुपशम्य व्याधिं व्याधिमन्यमावहति; अग्निबलादधिकमजीर्णं विष्टभ्य वा पच्यते; पुरुषबलादधिकं ग्लानिमूर्च्छामदानावहति संशमनम्; एवं संशोधनमतिपातयति |
हीनमेभ्यो दत्तमकिञ्चित्करं भवति |
तस्मात् सममेव विदध्यात् ||१०||
"Thus, all medicines should be administered after carefully examining the strength of the disease, digestive fire (agni), and the patient.
If the medicine is stronger than the disease, it can alleviate the current disease but may lead to another; if stronger than the digestive fire, it may cause indigestion or block digestion; if stronger than the patient's strength, it may cause debility, unconsciousness, or fainting. In such cases, purification therapies can also aggravate conditions. On the contrary, if the medicine is weaker than needed, it will have no effect. Therefore, medicine should be administered in a balanced manner."
This Shloka emphasizes the importance of the physician's careful examination of the disease, digestive fire, and the patient's strength to administer the appropriate dosage of medicines, ensuring they are effective without causing adverse effects.
भवन्ति चात्र-
रोगे शोधनसाध्ये तु यो भवेद्दोषदुर्बलः |
तस्मै दद्याद्भिषक् प्राज्ञो दोषप्रच्यावानं मृदु ||११||
"In this context, when the disease is curable through purification therapy, but the doshas are weak, the wise physician should administer a gentle purgative to expel the doshas."
This Shloka emphasizes the importance of using gentle purgative therapy for patients with weak doshas when the disease can be cured through purification.
चले दोषे मृदौ कोष्ठे नेक्षेतात्र बलं नृणाम् |
अव्याधिदुर्बलस्यापि शोधनं हि तदा भवेत् ||१२||
स्वयं प्रवृत्तदोषस्य मृदुकोष्ठस्य शोधनम् |
भवेदल्पबलस्यापि प्रयुक्तं व्याधिनाशनम् ||१३||
"When the doshas are mobile and the intestines are soft, the strength of the individual is not considered.
Even in a person who is weak but not diseased, purification is appropriate. For a person with self-expelled doshas and a soft bowel, purification can be effective even if they have little strength."
These Shlokas emphasize the importance of considering the mobility of doshas and the condition of the intestines when administering purification therapy, and highlight that even individuals with little strength or no disease may benefit from such therapy under certain conditions.
व्याध्यादिषु तु मध्येषु क्वाथस्याञ्जलिरिष्यते |
बिडालपदकं चूर्णं देयः कल्कोऽक्षसम्मितः ||१४||
"In moderate conditions of diseases and their intensities, an Anjali (about 500 ml) of decoction is recommended. Additionally, a quantity of powder equal to a Bidalapada (a small quantity) and a paste equal to one Aksha (approximately 12 grams) should be given."
This Shloka provides guidance on the appropriate dosage of decoction, powder, and paste to be administered in moderate conditions of diseases and their intensities.
इति सुश्रुतसंहितायां सूत्रस्थाने संशोधनसंशमनीयो नामैकोनचत्वारिंशोऽध्यायः ||३९||
"Thus, concludes the thirty-ninth chapter named Shodhana and Shamana in the Sushruta Samhita, Sutrasthana section."
This Shloka marks the conclusion of the chapter on purification and palliative therapies, summarizing the comprehensive knowledge shared in this section.