व्याधिसमुद्देशीयाध्यायः
अथातो व्याधिसमुद्देशीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||
यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||
"Now, I shall explain the chapter on the overview of diseases."
"As spoken by the revered Dhanvantari."
This shloka introduces the next chapter, which focuses on providing an overview of various diseases and their characteristics, as imparted by the great sage Dhanvantari.
द्विविधास्तु व्याधयः- शस्त्रसाध्याः, स्नेहादिक्रियासाध्याश्च |
तत्र शस्त्रसाध्येषु स्नेहादिक्रिया न प्रतिषिध्यते, स्नेहादिक्रियासाध्येषु शस्त्रकर्म न क्रियते ||३||
"There are two types of diseases: those treatable by surgical means and those treatable by therapies like oleation. In those treatable by surgery, oleation therapy is not contraindicated, but in those treatable by oleation and other therapies, surgical intervention is not performed."
This shloka explains the classification of diseases based on their treatment modalities, highlighting the distinction between those treated with surgery and those treated with non-surgical therapies such as oleation.
अस्मिन् पुनः शास्त्रे सर्वतन्त्रसामान्यात् सर्वेषां व्याधीनां यथास्थूलमवरोधः क्रियते |
प्रागभिहितं ‘तद्दुःखसंयोगा व्याधय’ (सू. अ. १) इति |
तच्च दुःखं त्रिविधम्- आध्यात्मिकम्, आधिभौतिकम्, आधिदैविकमिति |
तत्तु सप्तविधे व्याधावुपनिपतति |
ते पुनः सप्तविधा व्याधयः; तद्यथा- आदिबलप्रवृत्ताः, जन्मबलप्रवृत्ताः, दोषबलप्रवृत्ताः, सङ्घातबलप्रवृत्ताः, कालबलप्रवृत्ताः, दैवबलप्रवृत्ताः, स्वभावबल प्रवृत्ता इति ||४||
"In this text, considering the universality of all systems, all diseases are broadly classified. As previously stated, 'Diseases are born of the association with pain'. That pain is of three types: spiritual (adhyatmika), physical (adhibhautika), and divine (adhidaivika). This pain results in seven types of diseases: Diseases caused by inherent strength (adhibalapravritta), by birth (janmabalapravritta), by doshas (doshabalapravritta), by impact (sanghatabalapravritta), by time (kalabalapravritta), by divine influence (daivabalapravritta), and by natural disposition (swabhavabalapravritta)."
This shloka explains the classification of diseases based on their causative factors and highlights the three types of pain that contribute to the manifestation of diseases.
तत्र, आदिबलप्रवृत्ता ये शुक्रशोणितदोषान्वयाः कुष्ठार्शःप्रभृतयः; तेऽपि द्विविधाः- मातृजाः, पितृजाश्च |
जन्मबलप्रवृत्ता ये मातुरपचारात् पङ्गुजात्यन्धबधिरमूकमिन्मिनवामनप्रभृतयो जायन्ते; तेऽपि द्विविधाः रसकृताः, दौहृदापचारकृताश्च |
दोषबलप्रवृत्ता ये आतङ्कसमुत्पन्ना मिथ्याहाराचारकृताश्च; तेऽपि द्विविधाः आमाशयसमुत्थाः , पक्वाशयसमुत्थाश्च; पुनश्च द्विविधाः- शारीरा, मानसाश्च |
त एते आध्यात्मिकाः ||५||
"Among these, diseases caused by inherent strength (adhibalapravritta) are due to defects in the semen and blood, such as leprosy and hemorrhoids; these are further classified into maternal and paternal. Diseases caused by birth (janmabalapravritta) arise from the misconduct of the mother during pregnancy, resulting in conditions like lameness, congenital blindness, deafness, muteness, dwarfism, and others; these are further classified into those caused by defective nutrition and those caused by improper desires during pregnancy. Diseases caused by doshas (doshabalapravritta) arise from physical and mental imbalances and improper diet and behavior; these are further classified into those originating in the stomach and those originating in the intestines; they are again classified into physical and mental. These are the spiritual (adhyatmika) diseases."
This shloka provides a detailed classification of spiritual diseases based on their causative factors, emphasizing the importance of understanding their origin for proper diagnosis and treatment.
सङ्घातबलप्रवृत्ता य आगन्तवो दुर्बलस्य बलवद्विग्रहात्; तेऽपि द्विविधाः- शस्त्रकृता, व्यालकृताश्च |
एते आधिभौतिकाः ||६||
"Diseases caused by physical injury resulting from conflicts with stronger individuals are termed as traumatic; they are also classified into two types: those caused by weapons and those caused by animals. These are the physical (adhibhautika) diseases."
This shloka explains the classification of physical diseases based on their causative factors, highlighting the distinction between those caused by physical trauma from weapons or animals.
कालबलप्रवृत्ता ये शीतोष्णवातवर्षातपप्रभृतिनिमित्ताः; तेऽपि द्विविधाः- व्यापन्नर्तुकृताः, अव्यापन्नर्तुकृताश्च |
दैवबलप्रवृता ये देवद्रोहादभिशप्तका अथर्वणकृता उपसर्गजाश्च; तेऽपि द्विविधाः- विद्युदशनिकृताः, पिशाचादिकृताश्च; पुनश्च द्विविधाः- संसर्गजा , आकस्मिकाश्च |
स्वभावबलप्रवृत्ता ये क्षुत्पिपासाजरामृत्युनिद्राप्रभृतयः; तेऽपि द्विविधाः- कालजा, अकालजाश्च; तत्र परिरक्षणकृताः कालजाः, अपरिरक्षणकृता अकालजाः |
एते आधिदैविकाः |
अत्र सर्वव्याध्यवरोधः ||७||
"Diseases caused by climatic conditions like cold, heat, wind, rain, and sunlight are classified into those resulting from disturbed seasons and those not resulting from disturbed seasons. Diseases resulting from divine wrath, curses, and supernatural causes are classified into those caused by lightning, spirits, and other such influences; further classified into contagious and non-contagious. Diseases caused by natural factors like hunger, thirst, old age, death, and sleep are classified into those occurring in due time and those occurring prematurely due to neglect. These are the divine (adhidaivika) diseases. Here ends the classification of all diseases."
This shloka explains the classification of divine diseases based on their causative factors and emphasizes the distinctions among various types of diseases caused by climatic, supernatural, and natural influences.
सर्वेषां च व्याधीनां वातपित्तश्लेष्माण एव मूलं; तल्लिङ्गत्वाद्दृष्टफलत्वादागमाच्च |
यथा हि कृत्स्नं विकारजातं विश्वरूपेणावस्थितं सत्त्वरजस्तमांसि न व्यतिरिच्यन्ते, एवमेव कृत्स्नं विकारजातं विश्वरूपेणावस्थितमव्यतिरिच्य वातपित्तश्लेष्माणो वर्तन्ते |
दोषधातुमलसंसर्गादायतनविशेषान्निमित्ततश्चैषां विकल्पः |
दोषदूषितेष्वत्यर्थं धातुषु सञ्ज्ञा- रसजोऽयं, शोणितजोऽयं, मांसजोऽयं, मेदोजोऽयं, अस्थि जोऽयं मज्जजोऽयं, शुक्रजोऽयं व्याधिरिति ||८||
"All diseases fundamentally arise from the imbalance of the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha), as indicated by their signs, evident outcomes, and authoritative texts. Just as all changes occur within the framework of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas without exceeding these qualities, likewise, all diseases manifest within the framework of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha without exceeding them. Variations in disease arise due to the specific association with doshas, tissues, and excreta, their locations, and causative factors. Diseases arising from vitiated doshas affecting the tissues are named accordingly: diseases originating from Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja, and Shukra."
This shloka explains that all diseases originate from imbalances in the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). It further elaborates on how these imbalances affect different tissues, leading to various diseases, each named according to the affected tissue.
तत्र, अन्नाश्रद्धारोचकाविपाकाङ्गमर्दज्वरहृल्लासतृप्तिगौरवहृत्पाण्डुरोगमार्गोपरोधकार्श्यवैरस्याङ्गसादाकालजवलीपलितदर्शनप्रभृतयो रसदोषजा विकाराः; कुष्ठविसर्पपिडकामशकनीलिकातिलकालकन्यच्छव्यङ्गेन्द्रलुप्तप्लीहविद्रधिगुल्मवातशोणितार्शोऽर्बुदाङ्गमर्दासृग्दररक्तपित्तप्रभृतयो रक्तदोषजाः , गुदमुखमेढ्रपाकाश्च; अधिमांसार्बुदार्शोऽधिजिह्वोपजिह्वोपकुशगलशुण्डिकालजीमांससङ्घातौष्ठप्रकोपगलगण्डगण्डमालाप्रभृतयो मांसदोषजाः; ग्रन्थिवृद्धिगलगण्डार्बुदमेदोजौष्ठप्रकोपमधुमेहातिस्थौल्यातिस्वेदप्रभृतयो मेदोदोषजाः; अध्यस्थ्यधिदन्तास्थितोदशूलकुनखप्रभृतयोऽस्थिदोषजाः; तमोदर्शनमूर्च्छाभ्रमपर्वस्थूलमूलारुर्जन्मनेत्राभिष्यन्दप्रभृतयो मज्जदोषजाः; क्लैब्याप्रहर्षशुक्राश्मरीशुक्रमेहशुक्रदोषादयश्च तद्दोषाः; त्वग्दोषाः सङ्गोऽतिप्रवृत्तिरयथाप्रवृत्तिर्वा मलायतनदोषाः; इन्द्रियाणामप्रवृत्तिरयथाप्रवृत्तिर्वेन्द्रियायतनदोषाः; इत्येष समास उक्तः; विस्तरं निमित्तानि चैषां प्रतिरोगं वक्ष्यामः ||९||
"Among these, disorders arising from Rasa dosha include lack of appetite, anorexia, indigestion, body ache, fever, nausea, thirst, heaviness, cardiac anemia, obstruction in pathways, emaciation, and early signs of aging. Disorders arising from Rakta dosha include leprosy, erysipelas, pimples, moles, spots, itching, hyperpigmentation, splenomegaly, tumors, gout, hemorrhoids, growths, body ache, hematemesis, and hemorrhagic disorders, as well as infections in the anus and genitals. Disorders arising from Mamsa dosha include tumors, hemorrhoids, additional tongues, lumps under the tongue, gum diseases, enlarged flesh lumps, sores, lip inflammation, goiters, and scrofula. Disorders arising from Meda dosha include glandular enlargements, goiters, tumors, excessive weight gain, diabetes, excessive sweating, and other metabolic disorders. Disorders arising from Asthi dosha include bone diseases, dental issues, bone pain, and abnormalities in the nails. Disorders arising from Majja dosha include dark vision, fainting, dizziness, swelling in the joints, and eye disorders. Disorders arising from Shukra dosha include impotence, loss of libido, bladder stones, spermatorrhea, and spermatic disorders. Disorders arising from skin include excessive or abnormal discharge, while disorders arising from the excretory system include blockage or excess flow. Disorders of the sensory organs involve their non-functioning or abnormal functioning. This is a brief summary; the detailed causes and treatment of these diseases will be explained later."
This shloka explains the various diseases originating from different tissues and bodily substances (doshas), providing a comprehensive overview of their symptoms and affected areas.
भवति चात्र-
कुपितानां हि दोषाणां शरीरे परिधावताम् |
यत्र सङ्गः खवैगुण्याद्व्याधिस्तत्रोपजायते ||१०||
"It is observed that, when the aggravated doshas spread throughout the body, diseases occur wherever they find a weak spot."
This shloka explains the mechanism by which diseases manifest in the body. It suggests that imbalances in the doshas lead to the development of diseases in areas where the body is weak or vulnerable.
भूयोऽत्र जिज्ञास्यं, किं वातादीनां ज्वरादीनां च नित्यः संश्लेषः परिच्छेदो वा? इति; यदि नित्यः संश्लेषः स्यात्तर्हि नित्यातुराः सर्व एव प्राणिनः स्युः; अथाप्यन्यथा वातादीनां ज्वरादीनां च, ‘अन्यत्र वर्तमानानामन्यत्र लिङ्गं न भवति’ इति कृत्वा यदुच्यते वातादयो ज्वरादीनां मूलानीति तन्न |
अत्रोच्यते- दोषान् प्रत्याख्याय ज्वरादयो न भवन्ति; अथ च न (नित्यः) सम्बन्धः; यथाहि विद्युद्वाताशनिवर्षाण्याकाशं प्रत्याख्याय न भवन्ति, सत्यप्याकाशे कदाचिन्न भवन्ति, अथ च निमित्ततस्तत एवोत्पत्तिरिति; तरङ्गबुद्बुदादयश्चोदकविशेषाः एव; वातादीनां ज्वरादीनां च नाप्येवं संश्लेषो न परिच्छेदः शाश्वतिकः, अथ च निमित्तत एवोत्पत्तिरिति ||११||
"Furthermore, there is a query: Is the combination of Vata and other doshas with fever and other diseases constant or occasional? If it were constant, all beings would always be diseased. Alternatively, considering that the symptoms of Vata and other doshas do not exist elsewhere, it cannot be said that Vata and other doshas are the roots of fevers and other diseases. It is explained that without the association of doshas, fevers, and other diseases do not occur; neither is there a constant relationship. Just as lightning, wind, and rain do not occur without the sky, but do not always occur in the sky, their occurrence is occasional due to specific causes. Similarly, the waves and bubbles are specific to water; the combination of Vata and other doshas with fevers and other diseases is not constant or definite, but occurs due to specific causes."
This shloka discusses the relationship between doshas and diseases, explaining that the combination of doshas with diseases is not constant but occurs due to specific causes, much like natural phenomena occur under certain conditions.
भवति चात्र-
विकारपरिमाणं च सङ्ख्या चैषां पृथक् पृथक् |
विस्तरेणोत्तरे तन्त्रे सर्वाबाधाश्च वक्ष्यते ||१२||
"Thus, the quantity and classification of diseases are diverse and will be elaborated on in detail in the subsequent sections of the text."
This shloka indicates that the detailed explanation of the various diseases, their classifications, and quantities will be provided in the later parts of the text, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of the treatise.
इति सुश्रुतसंहितायां सूत्रस्थाने व्याधिसमुद्देशीयो नाम चतुर्विंशोऽध्यायः ||२४||
"Thus ends the twenty-fourth chapter named 'Vyadhi Samuddeshiya' (Overview of Diseases) in the Sutra Sthana of the Sushruta Samhita."
This shloka marks the conclusion of the twenty-fourth chapter of the Sushruta Samhita, summarizing the comprehensive overview of various diseases and their classifications.